göndererek

Göndererek is a Turkish adverbial participle derived from the verb göndermek (to send). It conveys means or method, meaning “by sending” or “through sending,” and is used to link clauses by indicating how the action of the main clause is accomplished. In Turkish grammar it is classified as a zarf-fiil (adverbial participle).

Formation and grammar: Göndererek is formed by attaching the suffix -erek to the verb stem gönder-. The choice between -arak and -erek is determined by the last vowel of the verb stem; since the stem ends in e, the form is -erek. As an adverbial participle, göndererek introduces a subordinate clause that expresses the means, manner, or instrument of the action in the main clause. It can appear before or after the main clause, depending on emphasis and style, and it is more common in formal or written Turkish.

Usage: Göndererek is used to describe actions performed via sending something, such as documents, messages, or information. It often appears in instructions, formal correspondence, or narrative explanations where the method matters. In everyday speech, speakers may opt for simpler phrases like "gönderdi" (he sent) or "gönderip" (and by sending), but -erek remains correct in formal contexts.

Examples:

- Belgeyi göndererek başvuruyu tamamladı. (He completed the application by sending the document.)

- Mesajı göndererek durumu bildirdi. (He informed about the situation by sending the message.)

Related forms include other zarf-fiil forms with -arak, used for parallel meaning with the last vowel of the stem.