gömbkoordináták
Gömbkoordináták, often translated as spherical coordinates, form a coordinate system that uses three values to uniquely determine the position of a point in three-dimensional space. Unlike the more familiar Cartesian coordinate system which uses distances along three perpendicular axes (x, y, z), spherical coordinates utilize a radial distance and two angles. The first value is the radial distance, typically denoted by 'r', which represents the straight-line distance from the origin to the point. The second value is the polar angle, often denoted by 'θ' (theta), which measures the angle from the positive z-axis down to the point. This angle is usually restricted to the range [0, π] or [0°, 180°]. The third value is the azimuthal angle, commonly denoted by 'φ' (phi), which measures the angle of the projection of the point onto the xy-plane from the positive x-axis. This angle is typically restricted to the range [0, 2π) or [0°, 360°).
The conversion between Cartesian coordinates (x, y, z) and spherical coordinates (r, θ, φ) follows specific formulas. To