gázdinamika

Gázdinamika is the study of gases in motion. It is a branch of fluid mechanics that focuses specifically on the behavior of gases, which are compressible fluids. Gázdinamika deals with phenomena such as the flow of air around an aircraft, the expansion of gases in a rocket engine, and the propagation of sound waves. Key concepts within gázdinamika include pressure, density, temperature, and velocity, and how these properties change as a gas flows.

The fundamental principles of gázdinamika are derived from the laws of thermodynamics and classical mechanics. These principles are often expressed through a set of governing equations, such as the Euler equations or the Navier-Stokes equations, which describe the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy within a fluid flow. The compressibility of gases is a crucial factor that distinguishes gázdinamika from hydrodynamics, the study of liquids. In many gas flows, particularly at high speeds, significant changes in density occur, which must be accounted for in the analysis.

Applications of gázdinamika are widespread. It is essential for the design of aircraft, spacecraft, and gas turbines. It also plays a role in understanding weather patterns, the operation of internal combustion engines, and the behavior of gases in industrial processes. The field can be broadly divided into subsonic, transonic, supersonic, and hypersonic flow regimes, each with its unique characteristics and analytical challenges. Experimental techniques, such as wind tunnels and Schlieren photography, are often used to visualize and measure gas flows, complementing theoretical and computational approaches.