gátolva

Gátolva is the past participle form of the Hungarian verb gátol, meaning to hinder, obstruct, or prevent. It is used to express that a subject has been hindered or blocked in some way and can function in different grammatical roles, most often in participial phrases or in compound predicates with auxiliary verbs.

In terms of etymology, gátol derives from the noun gát, meaning an obstacle or barrier, with the suffix -ol forming a verb, and the participial suffix -va/-ve producing gátolva. As a participle, gátolva can describe a state resulting from hindering or can introduce a descriptive clause when used with auxiliary verbs such as van/volt to indicate a continuing or past state of being hindered.

Usage notes and typical functions:

- As a participial modifier, gátolva can describe a noun with a sense of having been impeded, although in everyday Hungarian it is more common to use the finite verb form gátolt or related expressions depending on context.

- In predicative constructions, it often appears with a form of lenni (to be), such as van/volt, to indicate a state of hindrance: például a terv gátolva volt (the plan was hindered).

- It is related in meaning to other Hungarian terms such as akadályozott (blocked/impeded) and meggátolt (prevented).

Notes:

- Gátolva should not be confused with gátlás, which refers to inhibition or restraint, or gátlott, meaning inhibited or shy in a different sense.

- In formal or technical writing, gátolva is used with caution and clarity to convey hindrance as a condition affecting processes, plans, or actions.