goahtis

Goahtis are traditional portable shelters used by Sámi and related Arctic peoples, particularly during reindeer herding in northern Europe and parts of Russia. They function as dwellings that can be moved with seasonal migrations and daily herding activities.

Construction and design typically feature a conical or dome-shaped framework made from wooden poles, around which animal hides, skins, or heavy canvas are draped to form walls and a roof. The coverings are secured to the frame, and openings near the base allow for entry and airflow. A vent or smoke hole at the apex serves to vent smoke from a fire lit inside the shelter. The interior may be left open or arranged with a central hearth, benches, and storage areas, depending on regional practices and the size of the goahti.

Sizes vary from small, family-oriented units to larger tents used for gatherings or community work. Goahtis are designed for rapid assembly and dismantling, reflecting their role in nomadic or semi-nomadic herding lifestyles. Regional terms and variations exist, and the goahti is sometimes distinguished from similar dwellings such as the lavvu by differences in size, shape, and internal layout.

Cultural significance remains notable: the goahti embodies traditional craftsmanship and the adaptation of Arctic peoples to cold climates and mobility demands. In modern times, while many communities have adopted more permanent housing or commercial tents for tourism and events, goahtis continue to be used for cultural education, demonstrations, and ceremonial occasions. Modern adaptations may employ lighter frames and synthetic coverings while preserving traditional design concepts.