glénohumérale

The glenohumeral joint, often referred to as the shoulder joint, is a complex articulation in the human body. It is a ball-and-socket synovial joint formed by the head of the humerus (the upper arm bone) and the glenoid cavity of the scapula (the shoulder blade). This specific arrangement allows for a remarkable range of motion, making the shoulder one of the most mobile joints in the body.

The glenoid cavity is relatively shallow compared to the size of the humeral head, which contributes to the joint's extensive mobility but also makes it inherently less stable. To enhance stability, the glenoid cavity is rimmed by a fibrocartilaginous ring called the glenoid labrum, which deepens the socket. Surrounding the joint is a capsule, reinforced by a network of ligaments and tendons, most notably the rotator cuff muscles. These muscles not only facilitate movement but also play a crucial role in dynamic stabilization of the humeral head within the glenoid cavity. The extensive mobility of the glenohumeral joint is essential for activities such as reaching, throwing, and lifting, but its laxity also predisposes it to injuries like dislocations and rotator cuff tears.