glycogeenketen

Glycogeenketen refers to a branched polymer of glucose molecules that serves as the primary storage form of glucose in animals and fungi. This polysaccharide is synthesized and stored mainly in the liver and muscles, playing a crucial role in maintaining blood glucose homeostasis and providing energy for cellular activities.

The structure of glycogen is characterized by its highly branched nature. Glucose units are linked together by alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds in linear chains, with alpha-1,6 glycosidic bonds forming branch points. These branch points, occurring approximately every 8-12 glucose units, increase the solubility of glycogen and provide numerous non-reducing ends from which glucose can be rapidly released when energy is needed.

Glycogenesis is the process by which glucose is converted into glycogen for storage. This pathway is regulated by hormones such as insulin, which promotes glycogen synthesis when blood glucose levels are high. Conversely, glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose. This process is stimulated by hormones like glucagon and epinephrine when the body requires a rapid supply of glucose, such as during fasting or exercise. The liver's glycogen stores are primarily used to maintain blood glucose levels for the entire body, while muscle glycogen is mainly utilized to fuel muscle contraction.