glukoz1fosfata

Glukoz1fosfata, commonly known as glucose-1-phosphate (G1P), is a phosphate ester of glucose in which a single phosphate group is bound to the C-1 position. It is a basic activated sugar that participates in several central carbohydrate metabolism pathways.

Formation and conversion: Glucose-1-phosphate is produced in cells by glycogenolysis, where glycogen phosphorylase releases glucose-1-phosphate from glycogen. It is also interconvertible with glucose-6-phosphate by the enzyme phosphoglucomutase, linking glycogen breakdown and glycolysis or gluconeogenesis. In microorganisms and plants, glucose-1-phosphate can arise from other forms of starch and glycogen metabolism and serves as a branching point to nucleotide-sugar formation.

Biosynthetic roles: Glucose-1-phosphate is a substrate for UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, yielding UDP-glucose, a key donor for glycogen synthesis, glycosylation reactions, and extracellular polysaccharide production. In plants, glucose-1-phosphate feeds the ADP-glucose pathway via ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, producing ADP-glucose that is used for starch biosynthesis. Through these routes, G1P links energy storage and biosynthesis with broader carbohydrate metabolism.

Energetic and regulatory context: As an intermediate that can be converted to glucose-6-phosphate, glucose-1-phosphate connects glycogen-derived glucose to glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway. In liver and kidney, glucose-6-phosphate can be dephosphorylated to free glucose, contributing to blood glucose regulation.

Summary: Glukoz1fosfata is a central sugar phosphate that acts as both a feeder into energy metabolism and a precursor for biosynthetic nucleotide sugars and polysaccharides, making it a versatile intermediary in many organisms.