glucocorticoidreceptoren

Glucocorticoidreceptoren (GR) are intracellular proteins that act as receptors for glucocorticoid hormones such as cortisol. These receptors are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, a group of ligand-activated transcription factors. Glucocorticoidreceptoren are found in nearly all tissues of the body, highlighting the widespread influence of glucocorticoids.

In their inactive state, GR are typically bound to heat shock proteins and other inhibitory molecules in the cytoplasm. Upon binding to a glucocorticoid, the receptor undergoes a conformational change, leading to its dissociation from the inhibitory proteins. This activated receptor then translocates to the nucleus.

Once in the nucleus, the activated GR can regulate gene expression through two primary mechanisms. It can directly bind to specific DNA sequences called glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) in the promoter regions of target genes, either activating or repressing their transcription. Alternatively, GR can interact with other transcription factors, indirectly modulating gene expression. These actions underlie the diverse physiological effects of glucocorticoids, including regulation of metabolism, immune response, inflammation, and stress adaptation.