geotehnika

Geotehnika, or geotechnical engineering, is a branch of civil engineering that studies the behavior of soil, rock and groundwater in relation to engineered structures. Its aim is to ensure the stability, safety and serviceability of foundations, earthworks and earth-supported structures. The discipline covers site investigations, material characterization, ground modeling and the design of foundations, slopes, retaining walls and embankments, as well as the assessment of seismic and environmental effects.

Practitioners perform site characterization through boreholes, sampling and in-situ tests, complemented by laboratory tests on soil and rock. They interpret data to determine soil properties, such as strength, stiffness, compressibility and permeability, and to predict settlement, bearing capacity and slope stability. Advanced methods include numerical modeling, while practical work often involves selection of ground improvement measures, foundation types, drainage and dewatering schemes, and earth-retaining systems.

Geotehnika is essential for a wide range of projects, including buildings, bridges, tunnels, dams and landfills. It also addresses environmental concerns related to groundwater and contamination. The field relies on codes and standards, professional practice guidelines, and collaboration with civil, structural and environmental engineers to manage risk and optimize performance throughout a project’s life cycle.