georeferoinnista

Georeferoinnista, or georeferencing, is the process of establishing a relationship between a real-world geographic location and a digital object, such as an image, map, or document. This is typically achieved by linking the digital object to a set of geographic coordinates. In essence, georeferencing assigns a spatial context to data that otherwise lacks it.

Commonly, georeferencing is applied to historical maps or aerial photographs. These scanned images are then aligned with modern geographic data, such as a satellite image or a digital elevation model. This alignment involves identifying common points (control points) on both the source image and the target geographic dataset. By transforming the source image based on these control points, it can be accurately overlaid and analyzed within a geographic information system (GIS).

The purpose of georeferencing is to enable spatial analysis, accurate measurement, and integration with other geospatial data. It allows users to compare historical information with current conditions, measure distances and areas, and conduct detailed spatial queries. Applications range from urban planning and environmental monitoring to historical research and archaeological surveys. Without georeferencing, digital representations of geographic phenomena would remain isolated and difficult to use in a spatially aware manner.