genotoksin
Genotoksin, also spelled genotoxin in English, is a substance or physical agent that damages genetic material in cells, increasing the likelihood of mutations and chromosomal alterations. Genotoxic effects can disrupt the integrity of DNA, interfere with replication, or alter chromosome structure, and may contribute to carcinogenesis if mutations affect critical genes involved in cell growth and division. Genotoxicity can result from direct interaction with DNA or from indirect processes such as the production of reactive oxygen species during metabolism.
Direct-acting genotoxins form covalent bonds with DNA, cause base modifications, or create DNA strand breaks. Indirect
Common chemical genotoxins include aflatoxin B1, nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons like benzo[a]pyrene, and vinyl chloride. Physical
Genotoxicity is assessed in hazard evaluation using assays such as the Ames test, comet assay, and micronucleus