genotipas

Genotipas refers to the complete set of genes an organism possesses. It encompasses all the genetic material inherited from an organism's parents, including the alleles present at each gene locus. The genotype is distinct from the phenotype, which is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

Genes are segments of DNA that carry the instructions for building and operating an organism. Each gene typically exists in different forms called alleles. For example, a gene for eye color might have alleles for blue eyes and brown eyes. An individual inherits two alleles for each gene, one from each parent. The combination of these alleles at a particular gene locus constitutes the genotype for that gene.

The totality of an individual's alleles across all their genes forms their overall genotype. This genetic blueprint is fundamental to an organism's development, metabolism, and susceptibility to diseases. While the genotype provides the potential for certain traits, environmental factors often play a crucial role in how these traits are expressed in the phenotype. Understanding an organism's genotype is vital in fields like genetics, medicine, and evolutionary biology for studying inheritance patterns, diagnosing genetic disorders, and tracing evolutionary relationships.