genedeletion

Gene deletion refers to a type of mutation that occurs when a segment of a chromosome is lost or removed. This loss can range from a single nucleotide to large portions of a chromosome, encompassing multiple genes. Gene deletions can arise spontaneously during DNA replication or be caused by environmental factors such as radiation or certain chemicals. The consequences of a gene deletion depend heavily on the size of the deleted segment and the specific genes affected.

Small deletions that do not disrupt essential genes might have no observable effect. However, larger deletions or those involving critical genes can lead to significant health problems. These can manifest as genetic disorders, developmental abnormalities, or an increased susceptibility to diseases. For instance, certain syndromes, such as Cri-du-chat syndrome, are characterized by the deletion of a specific chromosomal region.

In research and biotechnology, gene deletion is a deliberate technique used to study gene function. By removing a specific gene, scientists can observe the resulting phenotypic changes to understand the gene's role in biological processes. This targeted gene deletion is a fundamental tool in genetic engineering and has applications in fields like medicine and agriculture. Diagnostic techniques like karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis are used to detect gene deletions in individuals.