geminating

Gemination refers to the process where a single tooth germ attempts to divide into two, resulting in two crowns that share a single root and pulp chamber. This anomaly typically occurs during tooth development in the anterior region of the mouth, most commonly affecting the incisors. The cause of gemination is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to developmental disturbances during the early stages of tooth formation. It is important to distinguish gemination from twinning, where two separate tooth germs develop into two distinct teeth.

Clinically, a geminated tooth often appears larger than normal and may have a visible groove or invagination on the crown. This developmental anomaly can lead to several complications, including aesthetic concerns due to the abnormal size and shape of the tooth, as well as increased susceptibility to caries and periodontal disease due to the potential for plaque accumulation in the groove. Radiographically, gemination is characterized by a single root and pulp chamber with two distinct crowns, differentiating it from a supernumerary tooth which would have its own root and pulp. Treatment strategies depend on the severity of the anomaly and the presence of any associated complications. They may range from simple aesthetic bonding to more complex procedures like root canal therapy or extraction if the tooth is severely compromised.