gekommen

Gekommen is the past participle of the German verb kommen (to come). It is used to form the perfect tenses with the auxiliary sein in standard German, especially for verbs of movement or change of state. For kommen, the common construction is Ich bin gekommen to indicate that someone has arrived or that one has come somewhere. The auxiliary in Perfekt for this verb is consistently sein, and the corresponding Plusquamperfekt is Ich war gekommen.

As a participle, gefallen its role extends beyond tenses. Gekommen can be used adjectivally with appropriate endings, yielding forms such as der gekommene Gast, die gekommene Nachricht, or in plural die gekommenen Gäste. When used in this adjectival function, the participle agrees with the noun in gender, number, and case.

Etymology and formation: ge- is the typical Germanic prefix for forming past participles, and -en is the standard participial ending for strong and many mixed verbs. The participle gekommen is the fixed form for kommen; with prefixes, related verbs take different participles (e.g., angekommen from ankommen), but kommen itself yields gekommen.

Common usages and phrases: gekommen appears in many everyday contexts. Examples include Ich bin heute früh gekommen (I arrived early today), Es ist zu einer neuen Entwicklung gekommen (A new development has occurred), and Wie bist du gekommen? or Wie bist du hierher gekommen? It can also appear in fixed expressions such as so weit gekommen (to have come this far).

In summary, gekommen is a central past participle in German, primarily signaling arrival or occurrence and functioning across tenses and as an attribute in adjectival phrases.