geenisirujen

Geenisirujen, a Finnish term translating to "gene chips" or "gene arrays," refers to a laboratory tool used to detect and analyze the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously. These chips are small, solid supports, typically made of glass or silicon, onto which thousands of tiny spots of DNA are immobilized in a precise arrangement. Each spot, or probe, contains a known sequence of DNA that corresponds to a specific gene.

The process begins with extracting RNA from a biological sample, such as cells or tissue. This RNA is then converted into complementary DNA (cDNA) and labeled with a fluorescent marker. The labeled cDNA is subsequently applied to the geenisiru. If the cDNA in the sample matches the DNA sequence on a particular probe on the chip, it will bind to it through hybridization.

After incubation, the chip is washed to remove any unbound cDNA. The chip is then scanned with a laser, which excites the fluorescent markers attached to the hybridized cDNA. The intensity of the fluorescence at each spot indicates the abundance of that specific gene's expression in the original sample. This allows researchers to identify which genes are active and to what extent, providing insights into biological processes, disease states, or responses to treatments. Geenisirujen are valuable tools in fields like molecular biology, genetics, and drug discovery.