geboten

Geboten is the past participle of the German verb bieten, meaning to offer or to bid. It is used to form tenses with the auxiliary haben, as in Der Händler hat dem Kunden ein Angebot geboten (The dealer offered the customer a proposal). It can also appear in passive or impersonal constructions, for example Auf dem Markt wurden hohe Preise geboten (High prices were bid on the market).

In addition to its verbal use, geboten can function as an adjective meaning "advisable" or "necessary" in formal language. The phrase es ist geboten expresses that something is appropriate or required, as in Es ist geboten, die Anweisungen zu beachten (It is advisable to follow the instructions). The expression is common in official, legal, or policy contexts. The adjective can appear as gebotene with appropriate declension, for example eine gebotene Vorsicht (due caution).

Origin and related terms: geboten derives from the same root as the noun Gebot, meaning a bid or a commandment, and the verb bĭeten in German. The noun Gebot has senses tied to an offer in an auction or a formal command, and its plural Gebote can refer to bids or, in religious contexts, commandments. Although related, geboten as a participle is distinct in everyday grammar from Gebot as a standalone noun.

Usage notes: geboten is most commonly seen in written or formal German, particularly in business, legal, or market contexts, and in fixed expressions such as Es ist geboten. In everyday speech, speakers may prefer simpler phrases like es ist sinnvoll or es ist notwendig.