gantsükloviiri

Gantsükloviiri is a synthetic nucleoside analog that functions as an antiviral medication. It is primarily used to treat and prevent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or organ transplant recipients. Ganciclovir works by inhibiting the replication of CMV. It is believed to interfere with viral DNA polymerase, an enzyme essential for the virus to copy its genetic material.

The drug is administered intravenously, orally, or as an intraocular implant for certain CMV eye infections. Its effectiveness in preventing CMV disease and treating active infections has made it a crucial component of prophylaxis and treatment regimens for immunocompromised patients. However, like many antiviral medications, ganciclovir is not a cure for CMV and requires prolonged treatment.

Common side effects associated with ganciclovir therapy can include low blood cell counts (neutropenia, thrombocytopenia), nausea, vomiting, and fever. More serious side effects, although less common, can affect kidney function and the nervous system. Due to its potential for toxicity, ganciclovir treatment is closely monitored by healthcare professionals, with regular blood tests to assess its impact on the patient's health. Research has also explored other applications and formulations of ganciclovir to improve its efficacy and reduce side effects.