gammaspectroscopy

Gamma spectroscopy is a technique used to measure the energy distribution of gamma rays emitted from a radioactive source. This distribution, known as a gamma-ray spectrum, is unique to each radioisotope and acts as a fingerprint, allowing for the identification and quantification of the source. The process involves a gamma-ray detector, typically made of a scintillation material like sodium iodide activated with thallium (NaI(Tl)) or a semiconductor material such as germanium. When a gamma ray interacts with the detector, it deposits energy, creating a signal that is proportional to the gamma ray's energy. This signal is then amplified and processed by electronic equipment, ultimately producing a spectrum where the x-axis represents the gamma-ray energy and the y-axis represents the number of gamma rays detected at that energy. Characteristic peaks in the spectrum correspond to the specific energies of gamma rays emitted by the isotopes present. By analyzing the position and intensity of these peaks, scientists can identify the radioisotopes and determine their abundance. This technique finds wide applications in nuclear physics research, environmental monitoring, nuclear medicine, and security.