galvánikus

Galvánikus is a Hungarian adjective that denotes relation to galvanism and to processes that generate electricity through chemical reactions in an electrochemical cell. In scientific and engineering contexts, galvánikus phenomena are described with terms such as galvánikus sejt or galvánikus készülék, corresponding to the English galvanic and galvanic cell.

The term galvanic derives from the work of Luigi Galvani in the 18th century, whose experiments on frog nerves and muscles sparked early study of electricity produced by chemical reactions. The related term galvanism reflects these origins. In Hungarian usage, galvánikus is the standard adjective for concepts involving galvanic energy conversion and galvanic cells.

In practice, a galvánikus cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy through redox reactions at two electrodes in an electrolyte. A galvanic element can be primary (non-rechargeable) or secondary (rechargeable). Common examples include the Daniell cell, lead-acid batteries, and lithium-ion batteries. Galvánikus processes also occur in corrosion: galvanic corrosion arises when two dissimilar metals contact an electrolyte, causing preferential oxidation of the more active metal.

In Hungarian technical writing, galvánikus is used in contexts such as galvánikus elemek, galvánikus korrózió, and galvánikus folyamatok. The broader concept is foundational to energy storage, electroplating, and corrosion protection technologies, and its English counterpart is galvanic.