galaktorröa

Galactorrhea is the milky-white discharge from the nipple that is unrelated to normal milk production in a woman who is pregnant or breastfeeding. It can occur in men and women of any age, including infants. The discharge may be spontaneous or can be expressed by squeezing the nipple. It can be intermittent or continuous and may be seen in one or both breasts.

The most common cause of galactorrhea is an elevated level of prolactin, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland. Prolactin is responsible for stimulating milk production. High prolactin levels can be caused by a variety of factors, including certain medications (such as some antidepressants, antipsychotics, and blood pressure medications), pituitary tumors (prolactinomas), hypothyroidism, stress, and excessive nipple stimulation. In some cases, the cause of galactorrhea remains unknown.

Diagnosis typically involves a medical history, physical examination, and blood tests to measure prolactin levels. Other hormone levels may also be checked. Imaging tests, such as an MRI of the pituitary gland, may be performed if a pituitary tumor is suspected.

Treatment for galactorrhea depends on the underlying cause. If a medication is responsible, switching to an alternative drug may resolve the discharge. If a pituitary tumor is present, medication or surgery may be necessary to shrink or remove the tumor. For other causes, such as hypothyroidism or stress, addressing the underlying condition can help to reduce prolactin levels and stop the discharge. In cases where no specific cause is found, galactorrhea may resolve on its own.