galactography

Galactography is a medical imaging technique used to visualize and study the lactiferous ducts within the breast. It involves the injection of a contrast medium, typically a radio-opaque liquid, into one of the nipple openings. This contrast material then flows into the duct system, outlining its structure. Following the injection, specialized X-ray images, known as mammograms or tomosynthesis, are taken to capture the distribution of the contrast agent.

The primary purpose of galactography is to investigate the causes of abnormal nipple discharge, particularly when the discharge is bloody, spontaneous, or unilateral. It can help identify benign conditions such as papillomas, which are small, non-cancerous growths within the ducts, or more serious conditions like ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive breast cancer. By precisely mapping the affected duct or ducts, galactography can aid in diagnosis, guide biopsies, and inform treatment strategies.

The procedure is typically performed by a radiologist or a specialized breast imaging physician. It is generally well-tolerated, although some discomfort or temporary swelling may occur. The interpretation of galactographic images requires expertise, as the intricate network of ducts can sometimes be challenging to analyze. While it remains a valuable tool, advancements in other imaging modalities like ultrasound and MRI have also contributed to breast imaging diagnostics.