gaasiatomisaatio

Gaasiatomisaatio, often referred to as gasification, is a thermochemical process that converts carbonaceous materials such as biomass, coal, or waste into a synthesis gas, commonly known as syngas. Syngas is primarily a mixture of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO), with smaller amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). This conversion occurs at high temperatures, typically between 700 and 1600 degrees Celsius, in a controlled environment with a limited amount of oxygen or steam.

The process involves several stages. First, drying removes moisture from the feedstock. This is followed by pyrolysis, where the material is heated in the absence of oxygen, breaking down into char, volatile gases, and liquids. The char then reacts with an oxidizing agent, such as oxygen or steam, in the gasification stage to produce syngas. The specific composition of the syngas can be manipulated by adjusting the feedstock, temperature, pressure, and the type and amount of gasifying agent used.

Gasification offers several advantages over direct combustion. It can produce cleaner emissions due to the controlled nature of the process and the ability to remove impurities from the syngas before it is used. The syngas can be utilized in various applications, including electricity generation in gas turbines or internal combustion engines, the production of chemicals like methanol and ammonia, and as a feedstock for producing synthetic fuels. The flexibility in feedstock and the wide range of applications make gasification a promising technology for waste management and renewable energy production.