génszerkesztési

Génszerkesztés, often translated as gene editing, refers to a group of technologies that allow scientists to make precise changes to the DNA of a cell. These technologies enable the addition, deletion, or alteration of genetic material at specific locations within the genome. The most well-known and widely used gene editing system is CRISPR-Cas9, which is often described as molecular scissors.

CRISPR-Cas9 works by using a guide RNA molecule to direct an enzyme called Cas9 to a specific DNA sequence. Once at the target site, Cas9 can cut the DNA. The cell then attempts to repair this break, and during this repair process, scientists can introduce new genetic material or modify the existing sequence. Other gene editing technologies include zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), which operate on similar principles of targeted DNA modification.

The potential applications of gene editing are vast and include the development of new therapies for genetic diseases, the creation of disease-resistant crops, and the advancement of fundamental biological research. However, ethical considerations, particularly regarding its use in humans and its potential off-target effects, are subjects of ongoing discussion and research.