füzyonda

Füzyonda is a Turkish term that translates roughly as "in fusion" and is used in scientific, educational, and media contexts to describe phenomena or processes characterized by fusion, most commonly nuclear fusion.

Nuclear fusion is the process by which light atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy in the process. It powers stars and holds the potential to provide a substantial, low-carbon energy source on Earth. Achieving fusion on Earth requires extraordinarily high temperatures and pressures to overcome electrostatic repulsion between nuclei. The energy gain of a fusion reaction is described by its Q value; reaching Q values of at least unity or ignition, where the reaction becomes self-sustaining, is a central objective of fusion research.

There are two principal experimental approaches. Magnetic confinement fusion uses devices such as tokamaks or stellarators to confine a hot plasma with magnetic fields for a sufficient time to allow fusion to occur. Inertial confinement fusion relies on lasers or particle beams to compress and heat a tiny fuel pellet rapidly, creating the conditions for a short-lived fusion burst. The most-studied fuel mix is deuterium-tritium, chosen for favorable reaction properties at achievable temperatures. Progress has been demonstrated in producing high-energy outputs, but sustained net energy gain in a practical reactor has not yet been achieved.

As of the 2020s, major projects include ITER in France, designed to demonstrate a burning plasma using magnetic confinement, and laser-based facilities such as the National Ignition Facility in the United States. If successful, fusion could provide abundant, low-carbon electricity, but significant technical, materials, and economic challenges remain to be solved.