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Fundoplication is a surgical procedure to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The most common type is Nissen fundoplication, where the upper part of the stomach, called the fundus, is wrapped around the lower esophagus. This wrap is then stitched into place, creating a tighter barrier that prevents stomach acid from backing up into the esophagus.

The surgery is typically performed laparoscopically, meaning it involves small incisions and the use of a camera and specialized instruments. This minimally invasive approach generally leads to faster recovery times and less scarring compared to traditional open surgery. Patients are usually hospitalized for a short period after the procedure.

Fundoplication is considered when less invasive treatments for GERD, such as medication and lifestyle changes, have not been effective. It aims to alleviate symptoms like heartburn, regurgitation, and chest pain. While generally successful, potential risks and complications can include difficulty swallowing, gas bloat syndrome, and the possibility of the condition returning. Long-term dietary adjustments are often recommended post-surgery. The decision to undergo fundoplication is made in consultation with a healthcare professional after a thorough evaluation of the patient's condition and medical history.