fumée

Fumée is the visible aerosol produced by the combustion or incomplete combustion of materials. It consists of tiny solid or liquid particles suspended in gases, including water vapor, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide, as well as a range of organic compounds such as volatile organic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Smoke is distinguished from pure water vapor or steam by its particulate content and by the chemical complexity added by the fuel’s composition and the burn conditions.

Common sources of fumée include wildfires, residential heating and cooking, industrial processes, and motor vehicle exhaust. The appearance and density of fumée depend on the fuel, temperature, and degree of combustion. White or gray smoke can indicate more moisture or steam and relatively more complete combustion, while black smoke often points to incomplete combustion and higher soot content.

Health and environmental effects are a major concern. Inhalation of fumée can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat and exacerbate respiratory and cardiovascular conditions. Fine particulate matter and toxic components present in smoke can penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream. Beyond health risks, fumée contributes to air pollution, reduces visibility, and plays a role in climate forcing through the emission of black carbon and other particulates.

Safety and regulation focus on reducing exposure and emissions. Indoor air quality standards, the use of filtration and ventilation, and proper fire safety practices aim to minimize the harmful impact of fumée.