fumonisiini

Fumonisin is a group of mycotoxins produced primarily by fungi of the genus Fusarium, most notably Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium proliferatum. These fungi are common plant pathogens that infect a wide range of crops, particularly maize (corn). Fumonisin contamination is a significant concern in agriculture due to the potential for adverse health effects in both humans and animals that consume contaminated food or feed.

The most prevalent fumonisins are fumonisin B1 (FB1), fumonisin B2 (FB2), and fumonisin B3 (FB3). FB1 is typically the most abundant and considered the most toxic. Fumonisin production is influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, moisture, and the availability of nutrients. Their presence in food and feed is often a result of poor harvesting, storage, and processing conditions.

Consumption of fumonisin-contaminated products has been linked to several health problems. In animals, particularly horses and swine, fumonisins can cause leucoencephalomalacia (equine leukoencephalomalacia) and pulmonary edema, respectively. In humans, prolonged exposure to fumonisin B1 has been associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer. Regulatory bodies worldwide have established maximum permissible levels for fumonisins in food and feed to mitigate these risks. Detection and monitoring of fumonisins are crucial for ensuring food safety and protecting public health.