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Phthalates are a group of chemicals used to make plastics more flexible and harder to break. They are commonly found in a wide range of products, including vinyl flooring, shower curtains, toys, and some cosmetics and personal care products. The primary use of phthalates is as plasticizers, added to materials like polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to increase their durability and pliability.

Concerns have been raised regarding the potential health effects of exposure to certain phthalates. Studies have investigated links between phthalate exposure and various health issues, including endocrine disruption, reproductive problems, and developmental effects. Regulatory bodies in different countries have placed restrictions on the use of specific phthalates in certain applications, particularly in products intended for children and in food contact materials.

Exposure to phthalates can occur through ingestion, inhalation, or skin absorption. For example, children may be exposed by mouthing toys containing phthalates, or adults may be exposed through the use of personal care products. While some phthalates have been phased out or restricted, others continue to be widely used due to their effectiveness and cost-efficiency in various industrial and consumer applications. Ongoing research continues to explore the long-term impacts of phthalate exposure and to develop safer alternatives.