framingand

Framingand is not a standard term in academic literature. This article treats framing as the central concept and discusses its related processes and uses.

Framing refers to how information, events, or issues are presented to shape audience interpretation and response. It involves cognitive schemas that people rely on and the linguistic, visual, and organizational devices that communicators deploy. The same factual content can yield different interpretations when framed differently.

Several theoretical frameworks are influential. Entman’s framing theory emphasizes the selection and emphasis of problems, causes, moral judgments, and remedies. Goffman’s frame analysis focuses on how people establish a shared understanding of “what is going on” in a situation. Lakoff’s work highlights how political frames shape public reasoning and policy debates.

Framing effects occur when presentation influences choices or opinions, even when information content is the same. Common techniques include gain versus loss framing and emphasis of particular aspects. In practice, framing is used in journalism, health messaging, public policy, and political communication.

Researchers study framing through content analysis, experiments, and discourse analysis. Critical perspectives note ethical considerations and the risk of oversimplification or manipulation. Related concepts include frame alignment (how messages resonate with audience values) and frame resonance (the degree to which a frame matches personal experience).