fosfaattitasapaino

Fosfaattitasapaino, or phosphate balance, refers to the tightly regulated equilibrium of phosphate levels within the body. Phosphate is a crucial mineral, essential for numerous physiological processes, including bone formation, energy metabolism in the form of ATP, DNA and RNA synthesis, and maintaining cell membrane integrity.

The body's phosphate homeostasis is primarily managed by the kidneys, which control its excretion, and by parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). PTH acts to increase serum phosphate levels by promoting its reabsorption in the kidneys and its release from bone. Conversely, FGF23, produced mainly by bone cells, inhibits phosphate reabsorption in the kidneys and reduces PTH production, thereby lowering serum phosphate. Dietary intake and intestinal absorption also play a role in phosphate balance.

Disruptions in phosphate balance can lead to hypophosphatemia (low phosphate levels) or hyperphosphatemia (high phosphate levels). Hypophosphatemia can result from poor dietary intake, malabsorption, excessive renal losses, or certain medical conditions. Symptoms can range from muscle weakness and fatigue to more severe neurological and cardiac issues. Hyperphosphatemia is often seen in kidney disease, where the kidneys' ability to excrete phosphate is impaired. It can contribute to secondary hyperparathyroidism and vascular calcification, increasing cardiovascular risk. Maintaining proper fosfaattitasapaino is vital for overall health.