fortíð

Fortíð is Icelandic for the past or history. It denotes the period of time that has already occurred relative to the present moment. In everyday language, journalism, historiography, and literature, fortíð is used to discuss events that have taken place, ranging from personal life stories to the broader history of a community or nation. It can be used with expressions like í fortíðinni to mean “in the past.”

Etymology and related terms provide context for its meaning. Fortíð is formed from for- meaning “before” and tíð meaning “time,” and it has cognates in other North Germanic languages, such as Danish fortid and Norwegian fortid, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.

Usage and scope. The concept of fortíð encompasses both individual memories and collective histories. It is central in historical writing, cultural discussion, and memory studies, where researchers examine sources from archives, chronicles, and material remains to reconstruct what happened before now. The term can also appear in phrases like fortíðsminningar or fortíðarperception, illustrating how people relate to earlier times.

Relation to other temporal concepts. Fortíð is commonly contrasted with framtíð (the future) and, in some contexts, with nútíð or nú (the present). Together, these terms frame time in Icelandic thought and discourse, shaping how people understand events, continuity, and change across different periods.