forogás

Forogás is the Hungarian term for rotation or rotational motion, the movement of a body around an axis. It describes both the process of turning and the resulting orientation of the body. In physics, forogás is analyzed using angular quantities: angular position θ, angular velocity ω = dθ/dt, and angular acceleration α = dω/dt. The angular velocity is related to linear velocity by v = ω r, where r is the distance from the axis of rotation. The moment of inertia I characterizes how mass is distributed relative to the axis, and the torque τ causing the rotation changes ω according to τ = I α. The rotational kinetic energy is K = 1/2 I ω^2.

Periods and frequency: a full rotation has period T = 2π/ω, and the rotation frequency is f = ω/(2π).

Applications and examples: Earth's rotation about its axis gives day and night; wheels turning in machinery; turbines in engines; and gyroscopes, which rely on the inertia of rotating rotors to help preserve orientation. In astronomy, many bodies exhibit rotation such as planets and stars, often with differential rotation where different latitudes spin at different rates.

Terminology and related concepts: forogás is distinct from translational motion. Related concepts include angular momentum L = I ω and rotational dynamics, which describe how torques influence rotational motion.

See also: angular velocity, angular displacement, moment of inertia, angular momentum, rotational motion.