formüülrühm

A formüülrühm, also known as a formyl group, is a functional group in organic chemistry consisting of a carbonyl group (C=O) attached to a hydrogen atom. Its chemical formula is -CHO. The formyl group is the simplest aldehyde group.

The formyl group is highly reactive and plays a crucial role in various chemical reactions. It is a key feature of formic acid (HCOOH), the simplest carboxylic acid, and formaldehyde (HCHO), the simplest aldehyde. In organic synthesis, the formyl group can be introduced into molecules through formylation reactions. These reactions are important for creating more complex organic compounds.

Formyl groups are present in many natural products and biologically important molecules. For instance, they are found in some amino acids and carbohydrates. The reactivity of the formyl group makes it a target for various biological processes, including enzymatic reactions. It can participate in nucleophilic addition reactions, oxidation, and reduction, making it a versatile building block in chemistry.

The presence of a formyl group often influences the physical and chemical properties of a molecule, such as its polarity and reactivity. Understanding the behavior of the formyl group is fundamental to comprehending the chemistry of aldehydes and carboxylic acids.