forgatóhatást

The forgatóhatást, or torque effect, is a phenomenon observed in rotating machinery, particularly in situations involving changes in the rotational speed of a system. It describes the force that is exerted in reaction to the angular acceleration or deceleration of a rotating body. This effect is a direct consequence of Newton's laws of motion, specifically the second law applied to rotation, which states that the net torque on a body is equal to the product of its moment of inertia and its angular acceleration.

When a torque is applied to a rotating object, it causes a change in its angular velocity. The forgatóhatást is the equal and opposite torque that the rotating object exerts on the source of the applied torque. For example, when a motor starts to spin a rotor, the rotor exerts a backward torque on the motor shaft. Conversely, when the rotor is braked, it exerts a forward torque. This effect is crucial in the design and operation of various mechanical systems, including engines, turbines, and gyroscopes. Engineers must account for the forgatóhatást to ensure stability, control, and efficiency in these applications. Failure to do so can lead to vibrations, premature wear, or even catastrophic failure of the machinery. Understanding and managing the forgatóhatást is therefore a fundamental aspect of mechanical engineering.