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Foliate papillae are one of the four types of papillae found on the tongue, specifically located on the posterior lateral margins of the tongue. They are characterized by a series of parallel folds or ridges that run perpendicular to the long axis of the tongue. Each fold is separated by a fissure.

These papillae are more prominent in some mammals than in humans, and their appearance can vary with age. In infants and young children, foliate papillae are generally well-developed. However, they tend to diminish in size and visibility as individuals age, often becoming less distinct in adulthood.

Foliate papillae house numerous taste buds, which are responsible for detecting different tastes. The fissures associated with foliate papillae contain openings to serous glands, also known as von Ebner's glands. These glands secrete lingual lipase, an enzyme that begins the digestion of fats. The secretions of von Ebner's glands are thought to wash away substances from the fissures, allowing for a fresh perception of taste.

Due to their location on the side of the tongue, foliate papillae can sometimes be mistaken for lesions or other abnormalities, particularly if they become inflamed or irritated. Conditions such as foliate papillitis, an inflammatory condition, can affect these papillae, causing discomfort and swelling.