flechten

Flechten is a German term with two principal senses depending on capitalization. Flechten, capitalized, denotes lichens, a group of symbiotic organisms. Flechten, the verb form flechten, means to braid or plait, to weave strands or fibers into a cord, mat, or hairstyle.

Lichens are composite organisms resulting from a symbiosis between a fungus (the mycobiont) and a photosynthetic partner (an alga or cyanobacterium). They vary in form: crustose, foliose, and fruticose, and can colonize rocks, tree bark, soil, and extreme environments. They contribute to soil formation, nutrient cycles, and serve as indicators of air quality. Many reproduce via vegetative propagules that contain both partners, while fungal partners can produce spores; some cyanobacterial partners may fix atmospheric nitrogen. Lichens are ecologically important in primary successions and in nutrient-poor habitats, and they are used in bioindication and, historically, in dyes and traditional crafts.

The verb flechten is used to describe braiding hair, rope, or other fibers. Common techniques include simple three-strand plaits, fishtail braids, and decorative styles such as French and Dutch braids. Braiding has practical uses—keeping hair tidy, creating sturdy cords—and holds cultural significance in many regions, where distinct braiding patterns can reflect identity, tradition, or social practice.