flawonoidem
A flavonoid is a diverse class of plant secondary metabolites belonging to the polyphenol family. They share a characteristic 15-carbon skeleton formed by two phenyl rings (A and B) connected by a three-carbon bridge that creates a heterocyclic C ring. Flavonoids occur as aglycones or as glycosides, where sugar moieties influence solubility and bioavailability.
Flavonoids are typically divided into several major subgroups, including flavones, flavonols, flavanones, isoflavones, anthocyanidins/anthocyanins, and flavan-3-ols
Biosynthesis of flavonoids proceeds via the phenylpropanoid pathway, starting from phenylalanine and involving enzymes such as
In humans, flavonoids are studied for potential health effects. They exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in
Uses of flavonoids include natural colorants, nutraceuticals, and functional foods. While generally safe as part of