flavum

Flavum is the Latin adjective meaning yellow. In anatomical and biological terms, it is most commonly encountered in the name ligamen­tum flavum, or the yellow ligament, which refers to a pair of elastic ligaments along the spine.

Ligamentum flavum runs between the laminae of adjacent vertebrae, extending along most of the spinal column from the upper cervical region to the sacrum. It is characterized by a high content of elastic fibers, which gives the tissue its distinctive yellow color. The ligament forms part of the posterior boundary of the spinal canal and contributes to the spine’s elasticity, aiding in restoring the column to an upright position after flexion.

Functionally, the ligamentum flavum provides support and helps maintain posture. Its elasticity allows smooth movement between vertebrae and helps preserve the spacing within the spine during bending and extension.

Clinical relevance centers on age-related changes. With aging, the ligamentum flavum can thicken (hypertrophy) or undergo calcification and ossification, potentially contributing to spinal stenosis and nerve compression. In spinal surgery, portions of the flavum may be removed (laminotomy or laminectomy) to relieve pressure on neural structures.

Beyond anatomy, flavum remains a Latin root used to denote yellow coloration in various biological terms. See also ligamentum flavum, spinal stenosis, and spinal anatomy.