fioul

Fioul, also known as fuel oil, is a liquid fossil fuel derived from petroleum used primarily for heating buildings and in some industrial processes. It is heavier than automotive fuels and is burned in boilers and furnaces with dedicated burners. In francophone contexts, fioul typically refers to a heating oil used for domestic or small-scale heating installations.

There are several variants of fioul. Fioul domestique denotes the fuel oil intended for domestic heating, while fioul lourd (heavy fuel oil) is more viscous, has a higher sulfur content, and is less commonly used for home heating, appearing mainly in industrial settings. The product is usually sold in bulk and delivered by road tanker, and it is stored in underground or above-ground tanks connected to the building’s heating system.

Environmental and health considerations accompany the use of fioul. Its combustion releases carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and particulates, with emissions influenced by sulfur content and boiler efficiency. Many countries have regulations to reduce sulfur levels in heating oils and to promote cleaner alternatives. Consumers may encounter incentives or subsidies for upgrading heating systems or switching to less polluting energy sources.

Market and transition dynamics affect fioul use. In many regions, demand has declined as natural gas networks expand, electricity prices stabilize, and renewable heating technologies such as heat pumps become more common. Fioul prices follow crude oil markets and taxes and can be volatile, influenced by refinery capacity and regional demand.

Storage and safety are important considerations. Fioul is flammable and must be stored in certified tanks with spill containment and proper ventilation. Regular tank maintenance, leak prevention, and safe handling reduce risks of fire, odor issues, and soil or water contamination.