findByStatusAndAddressCityString

FindByStatusAnd is representative of a family of derived query methods used in data access layers that generate queries from method names, notably in frameworks like Spring Data JPA and Spring Data MongoDB. In this pattern, methods begin with findBy and are followed by one or more property expressions connected by And or Or. Each property expression corresponds to a field on the target entity, and the framework translates the method name into an executable query at runtime.

The approach emphasizes readability and type safety, letting developers express common queries without writing explicit query strings. For example, a method like List<Order> findByStatusAndCustomerId(String status, Long customerId); would fetch orders that match both the given status and customer ID. Property paths can be nested, such as findByStatusAndAddress_City(String status, String city), where Address is a embedded or related object.

Return types vary with the expected result: a single result can be Optional<Order> or Order, while multiple matches typically return List<Order> or, with pagination, Page<Order>. You can also combine ordering and paging in the method name, e.g., findByStatusOrderByCreatedDateDesc, to apply sort and limit behavior directly.

Limitations include the complexity of queries expressible by method names alone; for more intricate conditions, frameworks support alternatives like @Query or Criteria API. Overuse of derived queries can lead to brittle names that are hard to refactor, so they are often complemented with explicit query annotations or repository customization for advanced scenarios.