filtermedier

Filtermedier are materials used inside filtration systems to remove particles or dissolved substances from liquids or gases. They can be natural or synthetic and are chosen for properties such as porosity, chemical compatibility, and durability. Filtration media work through physical sieving, adsorption, ion exchange, or biological processes, or combinations of these.

Common categories of filtermedier include mechanical filtration media, such as sand, gravel, anthracite, and garnet, which trap particles based on pore size. Adsorptive media, including activated carbon, activated alumina, and zeolites, remove dissolved organics, odors, and certain metals by adsorption. Biological media provide a large surface area for beneficial microorganisms to form biofilms, aiding degradation of contaminants in water treatment and aquaculture. Ceramic and glass media offer rigid, highly porous structures suitable for high-purity or high-temperature applications. Ion-exchange resins, in bead form, are used to soften water or remove specific ions. Specialty media can include combinations or multilayer configurations designed for particular pollutants.

Applications of filtermedier span drinking water treatment, industrial process water, wastewater treatment, and air filtration. In air systems, media such as glass fibers, fiberglass, and activated carbon are common for removing particulates and odors. In water systems, media selection depends on the target contaminants, flow rate, pressure drop, chemical compatibility, and whether cleaning or regeneration is possible.

Maintenance is an essential consideration: media may require backwashing, chemical regeneration, replacement, or periodic cleaning to maintain performance. Proper selection and stewardship extend filtermedier life and ensure efficient filtration.