filmtype

Film type refers to the category and characteristics of photographic or cinematographic film, including the emulsion, color rendition, and intended use. It describes how an image is recorded on film, how it is processed, and the aesthetic or practical results that follow. Film types are defined by factors such as color versus black-and-white, negative versus positive (slide) stock, and the format and speed at which the film records light.

The main film types are color negative, color reversal (slide), and black-and-white. Color negative film records an inverted color image that is intended to be printed or scanned after processing with C-41 chemistry. Color reversal film produces a positive image that can be viewed directly as slides and is processed with E-6 chemistry. Black-and-white film records a grayscale image and can be processed as conventional negative stock for printing or as reversal stock for direct positive output in specialized workflows. Each type offers distinct tonal characteristics, contrast, and grain.

Film type also encompasses format and sensitivity. Common formats include 35mm, 120 (medium format), and large-format sheets, which influence resolution and depth of field. Film speeds, expressed as ISO or ASA, affect exposure latitude, grain, and performance in different lighting. Processing requirements vary by type: color films typically use standardized C-41 or E-6 processes, while black-and-white films require various developers and timing. Archival stability and availability of stock can also shape a filmmaker’s or photographer’s choice.

In practice, film type guides selection based on desired color rendition, tonal range, grain, latitude, and workflow. Even with digital photography's prominence, film type remains valued for its unique aesthetics, tactile process, and historical significance.