fieldfare

Fieldfare (Turdus pilaris) is a large thrush of the family Turdidae, native to the Palearctic region. It breeds across northern Europe and temperate Asia and is a common winter visitor to Western Europe, the British Isles, and parts of North Africa and the Mediterranean basin during the non-breeding season. It is one of several thrush species that form sizable flocks in winter.

Adult fieldfares measure about 23–25 cm in length and weigh around 110–170 g. They have a robust bill, a grey or pale crown contrasting with a brown back and wings, and pale underparts with subtle or strong dark streaking on the breast, depending on the season. Juveniles are more heavily streaked and browner overall. They display a characteristic soft rattle or melodic song during the breeding season.

Breeding habitat comprises woodlands, parkland, and hedgerows with scattered trees; they prefer open-canopy areas for foraging. In winter, they move into agricultural landscapes, orchards, and scrub where berries and fallen fruit are abundant.

Fieldfares are omnivorous, feeding on berries, fruit, seeds, and invertebrates. They forage on the ground, often in loose flocks. They form larger, mixed-species flocks in winter with other thrushes and finches. Vocalizations include a bright, musical whistle in spring and a distinct alarm call.

They build cup-shaped nests in trees or shrubs, laying 3–5 eggs. Incubation lasts about 12–13 days, with nestlings fledging after roughly 12–14 days. Both parents incubate and feed the young.

Fieldfare is listed as of Least Concern by IUCN, with populations considered stable though affected by harsh winters and habitat changes in some regions. The species is protected under various national laws.