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Humidity, in meteorology and indoor climate control, refers to the amount of water vapor present in the air. It is described by several related terms: absolute humidity, relative humidity, and specific humidity. Absolute humidity is the mass of water vapor per unit volume of air (grams per cubic meter). Relative humidity is the ratio of the current water vapor pressure to the saturation vapor pressure at a given temperature, expressed as a percentage; it indicates how close the air is to being saturated. Specific humidity is the mass of water vapor per mass of moist air (grams per kilogram). The dew point is the temperature at which air becomes saturated and moisture begins to condense.

Measurement of humidity relies on instruments such as hygrometers and psychrometers. Modern electronic sensors provide continuous relative humidity readings, often alongside temperature. Dew point sensors indicate condensation risk. Humidity is also described in absolute or specific terms, depending on the application and the available data.

Humidity affects many aspects of the environment and materials. In buildings, controlling humidity helps maintain comfort, prevent mold growth, reduce static electricity, and protect sensitive materials. In agriculture, humidity influences crop health and pest dynamics. In storage and museums, precise humidity control protects artifacts and goods from moisture-related damage. Excessive humidity can promote corrosion and microbial growth; very low humidity can dry out skin and mucous membranes and increase dust and static.

Typical indoor targets for comfort are roughly 30–50% relative humidity, though some climates and applications use broader ranges (about 40–60%). Managing humidity involves ventilation, humidification, or dehumidification as needed.