feszültségvektort

The term "feszültségvektor" is the Hungarian word for voltage vector. In electrical engineering, a voltage vector represents the magnitude and phase of an alternating voltage in a complex plane. It is a fundamental concept used in the analysis of AC circuits, particularly three-phase systems.

A voltage vector is typically depicted as an arrow originating from a reference point. The length of the arrow corresponds to the RMS (root mean square) voltage, and its angle with respect to a reference axis (usually the real axis) represents its phase angle relative to a reference sinusoid. For a sinusoidal voltage, the instantaneous voltage can be represented as the projection of the voltage vector onto the real axis, multiplied by a time-dependent term.

In three-phase systems, the voltages of the three phases are displaced from each other by 120 electrical degrees. These phase voltages can be represented by three voltage vectors that are equal in magnitude and separated by 120-degree angles in the complex plane. The vector sum of these three phase voltage vectors is zero if the system is balanced. This concept is crucial for understanding power flow, motor operation, and system stability.

When analyzing AC circuits, especially those with reactive components like inductors and capacitors, phase differences arise between voltage and current. Voltage vectors, along with current vectors, help visualize and quantify these phase relationships. This visualization aids in calculating complex power, impedance, and other important circuit parameters. The use of complex numbers, where voltage vectors are represented as complex phasors, simplifies these calculations significantly.