ferromagnetically

Ferromagnetically is an adverb describing something related to or exhibiting ferromagnetism, the form of magnetism seen in certain materials where magnetic moments tend to align parallel to each other. In ferromagnetic substances, the exchange interaction between unpaired electron spins favors parallel alignment, producing a spontaneous net magnetization below a critical temperature known as the Curie temperature. Within a material, microscopic regions called magnetic domains can have uniform spin orientation, and the overall magnetization is the aggregate of these domains.

The magnetic response of ferromagnetic materials is strongly affected by external fields. An applied magnetic field can rearrange domain orientations, leading to large, nonlinear changes in magnetization. This behavior often shows hysteresis: the magnetization depends on the history of the applied field, and saturation occurs when most moments are aligned with the field.

Common ferromagnetic materials include iron, nickel, cobalt and various alloys and compounds used in permanent magnets and magnetic storage. Ferromagnetic order persists at room temperature in many practical materials, enabling widespread applications in motors, generators, sensors, and memory devices.

Ferromagnetically used to describe how a material or system behaves in terms of ferromagnetism, it is contrasted with other forms of magnetism. Paramagnetism involves only weak, field-induced alignment above the Curie temperature; diamagnetism yields only induced, very weak opposing magnetization; ferrimagnetism features unequal opposing moments that yield a net magnetization without full parallel alignment.