fenoliska

Fenoliska is a term used to describe phenomena, substances, or processes related to phenols, a class of aromatic compounds that contain a hydroxyl group bonded to an aromatic ring. As an adjective, fenoliska covers chemical properties, reactions, and materials that originate from phenolic structures.

Phenols and phenolic compounds include simple phenol as well as substituted derivatives such as cresols, catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, gallic acid, vanillin, tannins, and lignin derivatives. They are typically acidic, capable of hydrogen bonding, and undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution. Many phenolics absorb UV light and can act as antioxidants, antiseptics, or flavors depending on substitution.

Fenolic substances play key roles in industry and nature. Phenolic resins are used in thermosetting plastics; polyphenols serve as antioxidants in foods and polymers; plant-derived phenolics contribute to color, flavor, and defense against herbivores. In medicine and cosmetics, phenolics serve as antiseptics and colorants; they are also used as starting materials for dyes and polymers.

Environmental and health considerations include toxicity at high concentrations and potential persistence. Wastewater treatment and safe handling are important, with methods such as adsorption, oxidation, and biodegradation used to reduce phenolic pollution.