fenoliformaldehidi

Fenoliformaldehidi is the Italian term for phenol formaldehyde resins. These are synthetic polymers produced by the reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. The reaction can be carried out under acidic or basic conditions, leading to different types of resins. Resins formed under acidic conditions are typically resoles, while those formed under basic conditions are novolacs.

These resins are thermosetting, meaning they undergo irreversible curing when heated, forming a rigid, infusible network. This characteristic makes them highly durable and resistant to heat, chemicals, and electricity. Phenol formaldehyde resins were among the first synthetic plastics developed, with Leo Baekeland being a key figure in their commercialization in the early 20th century.

Common applications for phenol formaldehyde resins include adhesives, coatings, laminates, and molding compounds. They are used in the production of electrical insulation, automotive parts, and brake linings due to their excellent mechanical strength and thermal stability. Historically, they were also used in products like Bakelite, a brand name for one of the earliest phenol formaldehyde plastics. Their distinct odor when heated is a recognizable characteristic.